التشويش | دانيال كانمان - أوليفيه سيبوني - كاس ر. سونستين

Imagine two doctors in the same city diagnosing different diseases for identical patients, or two judges in the same court issuing completely different sentences to people who committed the same crime. Consider if food safety regulators categorized similar restaurants differently - or that the company's handling of customer complaints depends on the employee who happens to answer the phone. Now imagine if the decision of the same doctor, the same judge, the same observer, or the same company representative differed between morning and evening, or between Monday and Wednesday. These are examples of confusion: the discrepancy in which judgments should be identical.

In the Book of Obfuscation, Daniel Kahneman and Cass R. Sunstein and Olivier Siboni have adverse effects of disruption in many areas, including medicine, law, economic forecasting, food safety, bail, forensic science, strategic decisions, performance appraisal, and employee selection. Where there is judgment, there is confusion. However, individuals and organizations often overlook it. However, with a few simple remedies, we can reduce bias and confusion and thus make much better decisions.

Drawing on the latest findings in psychology and behavioral economics, and on the same diligent and insightful research that made the writers Think Fast and Slow and The Nodding Book a New York Times bestseller, The Obfuscation, full of innovative ideas, explains how and why people are prone to confusion in Making judgments - and what we can do about it.